The 10 Most Bizarre Easter Traditions

The 10 Most Bizarre Easter Traditions Whips, water, and fire †not actually the things you may consider when you consider Easter customs. In a couple of days, the U.S. will be loaded up with youngsters coloring eggs, eating chocolate rabbits, and making trails out of jellybeans. In any case, Easter is one of only a handful hardly any occasions that is praised around the world. Along these lines, there are some extremely one of a kind methods of observing Easter that may stun you. 1. Thump, Who’s There? Louisiana Egg Knocking Despite the fact that it’s a piece of the U.S., portions of Louisiana are increasingly remote that nations outside of our fringes. In the absolute most profound pieces of the march, Easter festivals start with an egg-thumping function. Groups of contenders attach their eggs with strings and thump them together. The individual whose egg breaks initially loses, and the game is played until there is a â€Å"Egg King.† 2. Go Fly A Kite In Bermuda, the weeks paving the way to Easter are set apart by building kites which are just flown on Easter Day. These kites are made of whatever neighborhood kite-creators can discover, from cases to ties and old garments. One of the most significant components of the Bermuda Easter kites is the â€Å"hummer,† which makes a noisy humming sound when the kite is in flight. 3. Whips and Water? In the Czech Republic and Slovakia, whipping and water are simply ordinary pieces of the Easter celebrations. On the Monday after Easter, men create bright whips from Willow branches and give the ladies in their lives fun loving lashes. The whipping should keep ladies lovely and rich for one more year, and furthermore goes about as a tease gadget. Be that as it may, the ladies aren’t without plan of action. The following day, they fight back by tossing water on the leaders of their aggressors. 4. A Fair Egg Exchange In places where Hungarian is spoken (Translyvania, Southern Slovakia, and parts of Serbia), there is likewise a custom of pouring water. In these nations, the day after Easter is called â€Å"Watering Monday.† Men will customarily visit families with ladies and young ladies and sprinkle them with fragrance in return for the Easter eggs. 5. Stunt or Easter In Finland and Sweden, the one custom most Americans consider as Halloween-ish are praised at Easter. Kids in these nations regularly convey pussy willows on Palm Sunday rather than palms. At that point, the day after Easter, they embellish the pussy willows in vivid paint and thump on entryways. The people group gives youngsters candy in return for the wonderful embellishments. 6. Illuminate it In various nations, Easter is praised by gigantic campfires. Frequently, youngsters (particularly adolescent young men) go through town assembling any scrapwood that they can discover. These flames go about as an opposition, with the kid who has the biggest fire as the victor. In Italy, the Scoppio del carro lights a fire from shards from the Holy Sepulcher which thusly sets off an immense firecrackers show. 7. Rollin’, Rollin’, Rollin’ In England, Ireland, and Scotland, kids take part in egg moving as a piece of their Easter fun. The objective is to roll an egg the farthest which makes the proprietor of the egg the Easter victor. There is likewise a notion that eggs that don’t make it down the slope flawless must be squashed totally, or the egg might be utilized by witches to do fiendish enchantment. 8. Pace Egg Plays Despite the fact that this specific custom dropped unfashionable for some time, as of late the Pace Egg Plays have a great time some portion of Easter for some English, Irish, and Scots. These plays go back to the Crusades and rotate around the invented shenanigans of St. George and a troublemaker named Old Tosspot. Watchers are urged to give Easter eggs to the two characters in return to see their voyaging appear. 9. A Man-Made Holiday In Russia, men aren’t permitted to cook, clean, or in any case chip away at Easter. Truth be told, there is a custom that says men shouldn’t even be permitted in the kitchen by any stretch of the imagination. In the event that a man does, it’s said that his facial hair and mustache will quickly turn dim and he will age before his time. 10. Egg-Zellent In Bessieres, France, there is a convention of taking care of the entire town with a solitary omelet. As indicated by legend, Napoleon halted in the little town one night and requested and omelet. He was so satisfied with his supper that he requested that all the townspeople bring their eggs so the culinary expert could make a dinner for the entire town. Presently, the dining experience is produced using 15,000 eggs and 25,000 kilos of oil every year. Easter doesnt appear to be so exhausting currently, isn't that so? This year you can take a stab at something new, observing Easter abroad or possibly attempting the odd Easter conventions with your companions in US. Have the Happy Easter, and disclose to us your accounts!

Strategy and management control system: Tata Motors

Technique and the board control framework: Tata Motors Presentation This exposition tends to a truly easy to refute yet basic point identifying with the connection between the methodology and the board control arrangement of an association. The conversation in this article roots from Andrew Campbells paper, Tailored, Not Benchmarked: A Fresh Look at Corporate Planning. This paper talks about the effect of benchmarking and the impact of productive arranging procedures on the estimation of an association. He proposes that instead of conveying normalized benchmarking and arranging techniques dependent on another association, every association needs to assess its interior condition and devise methodologies as indicated by the necessities of the individual association. Campbell portrays the arranging procedure suitably in his paper as, A decent arranging process is one of a kind to its organization () deliberately custom-made to the requirements of the organizations just as to the abilities, bits of knowledge, and encounters of senior corporate supervisor s. Moreover, Campbell lays weight on the way that associations need to continually screen and change their arranging procedures to coordinate the necessities of the association and the dynamic business condition. In this paper, Campbell has unobtrusively addressed the way that administration control frameworks (MCS) and technique basically supplement one another and ought to be composed to deliver the ideal firm worth (Campbell, 1999). MCS are characterized as any formal, data based methodology and articulations utilized by supervisors to screen and impact the conduct and exercises in a firm (Simons, 1994). While, technique is a proceeding with example of dynamic for the fate of an association (Mintzberg, 1978) intentional (formal) or unintended (casual), that rises because of the open doors that emerge in the association or market (Merchant Stede, 2007; Langfield-Smith, 1997) A previous point of view on this subject was given by Anthony (1965, 1988) recommending that, methodology is the consistent given component in the association and the board control frameworks hold the activity of observing, altering and following the advancement of their execution. Lorange et al (1986) presented another relationship of the executives control and technique in the idea of key control. Vital control is a framework continually analyzing an associations methodology concerning its objectives, and changing them at whatever point the need emerged. The one restriction every one of these points of view experienced was the way that, the executives control frameworks related to the undertaking of observing and adjusting system just (Simons, 1990). Robert Simons (1990) presented another point of view suggesting that administration control frameworks were answerable for checking or usage, yet additionally for development of procedure; thus building up a significant connection betw een the board control frameworks and vital decisions of an association. Expanding on these thoughts, this article expects to break down the connection between the board control framework and methodology of Tata Motors Limited (TTM), a global car company headquartered in Mumbai, India. Over the span of this article, we will initially view TTMs foundation procedure, control frameworks, execution estimation framework, and the dangers they are confronting. Followed by this will be a conversation on TTMs case in the light of alternate point of view referenced above to see whether there exists a connection between the procedure, the executives control framework and execution estimation proportions of TTM. At last, we will examine a few recommendations as to their control frameworks that could help TTM improve their position. Goodbye Motors Limited Background and Strategy TTM is a piece of the Tata Group, the biggest private corporate gathering in India. Goodbye bunch has undertakings in steel, interchanges, tea, data innovation, force and friendliness beside autos. TTM is Indias biggest vehicle organization, with united incomes $20 billion of every 2009-10. It is the pioneer in business vehicles in each section, and among the best three in traveler vehicles alongside being the universes fourth biggest truck maker, and the universes second biggest transport producer. Notwithstanding household development, TTMs significant key move after some time has been worldwide extension. TTM has gained Daewoo Commercial Vehicle Company Limited, Hispano Carrocera S.p.A. Spain, has a joint endeavor with Marco Polo of Brazil for creation of transports and most as of late obtained the notorious British brands Jaguar and Land Rover (Just-Auto publication group, 2010). Goodbye engines keep a direct standard for development; since they have restricted mechanical accessi bility to get a nearness on the worldwide modern scene, they search for nations with access to innovation and items, locate a key accomplice in that market, and afterward sell Tata engines items in that nation while trading their items and limits locally (Seshan Kumar, 2008). For instance, In January 2006, Tata engines consented to an arrangement with Fiat Group to sell Fiat vehicles through the Tata Motors outlets in India. In May 2006, the joint endeavor of Tata Motors with Fiat developed into a mechanical organization for sharing Indian offices to produce vehicles, motors and transmissions for Indian and abroad markets (Just-Auto article group, 2010). Alongside Internationalization of activities, TTM follows the methodology of item development, which gives TTM its serious edge sensibly estimated items. It began with presenting the imaginative 407 stage for trucks during the 1980s, planned particularly to suit Indian street conditions, in thought with rustic territories. Besides, even today towards the finish of the third decade of its reality it rules two-third of the market. In 1998, TTM propelled the first indigenously planned traveler vehicle in Quite a while, the Tata Indica wearing advancement by giving more space, contemporary highlights at a serious cost. In 2005, TTM propelled Indias first smaller than expected truck, a little sub one-ton vehicle encouraging intra-city or shorter separations. This vehicle was intended to supplant the three-wheeler carriages showcase in India by a progressively complex four-wheeled method of transport at nearly a similar cost. It utilized a two-chamber motor, gave distinctly in Irish crã ¨ me shading and had an unbending front hub and back wheel drive for minimal effort. The latest advancement TTM has come out with is the 632-cc Tata Nano, professed to be the least expensive vehicle on the planet likewise called the Peoples vehicle/Rupees 1 lakh vehicle ($2500). The objective value itself turned into the wellspring of advancement, as industry asserts that it is difficult to make a vehicle at that cost. This vehicle is created dependent on a progression of imaginative thoughts; motor was bundled on the back side; two chamber motor (expectedly there are three-four chamber motors); indistinguishable handles and instruments for left and right side entryways. Also, the speedometer and different instruments board in the Nano are in the focal point of the dashboard, instead of confronting the driver, to make it simple and less expensive to switch the situation of the guiding wheel from the privilege to one side encouraging fares to different markets too (Seshan Kumar, 2008). Besides the vehicle has offbeat seats; boosting the inside space by pushing the wheels to the corners and force train to beneath the back seat making adequate space to suit three-to-four individuals (BMA, 2010). Examination Management control framework and Performance Measurement System To continue the development in items and extension in business sectors TTM needed to acquaint changes in their MCS with supplement their key moves.TTM has two principle divisions dependent on the sort of vehicles traveler vehicles and business vehicles (CVBU). With expanding activities TTM In the year 2000, TTMs CVBU endured its first loss of $2.5 million that drove the organization to embrace the Tata Business Excellence Model (TBEM). TBEM, in light of Malcolm Baldridge Award for business greatness and Balanced Scorecards as its presentation estimation, which will be examined inside and out later (Tata Group| Corporate Governance| Busniess Excellence, 2010). TTM saw move from a progressively various leveled structure to a compliment authoritative structure, encouraging simple correspondence between representatives. The adjustment in plan of action commended the adjustment in the data innovation framework as well. TTM utilizes a reconciliation of redistributed offices some of which a re Ariba for provider arrangements; item lifecycle the board and propelled PC supported structures for the building and plans of their items; SAP undertaking programming application and projects for big business asset arranging and expanding exchange adequacy. Through this, the exercises of all divisions creation, fabricating, buy, fund tasks and so on, were interlinked encouraging better control and coordination by methods for an effective flexibly chain the board framework. Moreover, TTM changed their item improvement process and presented an increasingly shared procedure using the capacities of various endeavor accomplices, providers, plan houses, auxiliaries and partner organizations having some expertise in various verticals. With the change of the in-house creation process TTM understood the significance of venturing into the global market and in this manner received the internationalization reasoning referenced above, to keep in accordance with their objectives and targets si multaneously as accessing various markets (BMA, 2010). TTM has a vital see of their arrangements like clockwork where plans are adjusted while presenting new objectives and goals. An all around characterized process for the arrangement and checking of the yearly spending plans and long haul marketable strategies is followed. There are gatherings two times per month of the administration board at operational levels to audit the tasks and plans of key business zones. TTM

Traficant essays

Traficant expositions Prior to taking statewide office, recently chose authorities, judges, delegated commission individuals and organization chiefs, and uncommon law implementation officials are required to make a vow of office from any individual in the state approved to regulate pledges. Officeholders each gravely vow to help, comply, and protect the Constitution of the United States to release the obligations of the workplace with constancy. Notwithstanding the protected necessities refered to above, state authorities must keep government resolution to make and document the necessary vow of office (U.S. Code, Title 4, areas 101-102). Different state rules additionally require explicit state officials to make and record the vow of office: i.e., unique law authorization officials; office chiefs; and individuals from sheets, chambers, councils, commissions, and so on. These resolutions and approaches additionally require numerous different authorities to make the sacred vow of office before starting thei r obligations (Oaths of Office). At the point when James A. Traficant spoke to himself in his excusal from the House he obviously expressed his blamelessness. In the national news there was the $150,000 animal dwellingplace expansion they blamed me for, you additionally heard on the news, which was the primary national report that I was associated with was a homicide plot by contract, yet there is no physical proof to excuse me (Your Congress). James Traficant' didn't committ extortion and take cash. While different government officials utilized techniques crusade donations,speaking charges, book progresses and other shrouded ways, he adhered to his customary strategies (free trafficant). He needed to make a vow like I expressed previously. A man who maintains an administration position must speak to that position with genuineness and character. He didn't do anything incorrectly, others get in a tough situation and never got, though he has one little issue and the House excuses him, its not reasonable ( Free Traficant). ... <!

Unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Unit 5 DB - Regression Analysis - Essay Example Direct relapse is the kind of relapse which recognizes the relationship of two huge factors (reliant and free) (Seber and Lee, 2012). For instance the expert would attempt to relate the murkiness of aircraft’s glass (subordinate variable) with ice stores (autonomous variable). Straight relapse implies the immediate connection between two such factors (Weisberg, 2005). The accompanying condition speaks to the relapse condition, where Y is the needy variable which is reliant on X free factors, an is the block while b indicates incline of the line X (Hoffmann, 2005). In the segment of criminal equity, the examiners regularly utilize different expository devices to settle on better decisions and choices on the field. Relapse is one device which criminologists frequently apply to distinguish connections between two nearby factors like wrongdoing conviction or criminal’s practices. Examiners use relapse coefficients to distinguish which procedure is more successful than the other on wrongdoing control segment. As indicated by one report of Federal government, various analysts came out from University of Nebraska in the year 1990, who used relapse investigation instrument to survey the impact of venture on crime percentages. The investigation recognized the connection between two factors by distinguishing proof of relationships and direct condition, which are on a very basic level deterministic by straight relapse examination instrument. This came out to be an adequate instrument of relationship investigation which later on got applied in the criminal equity area. Still today a few criminologists utilize direct relapse model to recognize the relationship of two huge factors (Weisburd and Britt, 2007, p.

20 Public Speaking Tips for Students

20 Public Speaking Tips for Students January 02, 2020 Social Anxiety Disorder Overview Symptoms & Diagnosis Causes Treatment Living With In Children Hero Images/Getty Images Public speaking tips for students aim to reduce anxiety that can interfere with giving presentations or speeches in class. These tips can also be helpful for those with social anxiety disorder (SAD)??  who have difficulty speaking in front of a group or telling a story among friends. If you suffer from SAD and need to give a speech  in elementary school, high school, college, or university, it helps to be as prepared as possible. Beyond preparation, however, there are strategies that you can use to reduce anxiety and fight the urge to stay home with a fake illness. Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety Public Speaking Tips for Students Talk about what you know. If possible, choose a topic for your speech or presentation that you know a lot about and love. Your passion for the topic will be felt by the audience, and you will feel less anxious knowing that you have a lot of experience to draw from when other students ask you questions.Practice. Even great speakers practice their speeches beforehand. Practice out loud with a recording device or video camera and then watch yourself to see how you can improve. If you are feeling brave, practice in front of a friend or family member and ask for feedback.Visit the room. If you have access to the classroom where you will be speaking outside of class hours, take the time to visit in advance and get used to standing at the front of the room. Make arrangements for any audio-visual equipment and practice standing in the exact spot where you will deliver your speech.Tell someone about your anxiety. If you are speaking in front of a high school or college class, meet with your t eacher or professor ahead of time and describe your public speaking fears. If youre in elementary or high school, share your fears with your parents, a teacher, or a guidance counselor. Sometimes simply sharing how you feel can make it easier to overcome stage fright.Visualize confidence. Visualize yourself confidently delivering your speech. Imagine feeling free of anxiety and engaging the students in your class. Although this may seem like a stretch for you now, visualization is a powerful tool for changing the way that you feel. Elite athletes use this strategy to improve performance in competitions.Realize the other students are on your side. Think about a time when you have been an audience member and the student delivering the speech or presentation  was noticeably nervous. Did you think less of that student? More likely, you felt sympathetic and wanted to make that person more comfortable by smiling or nodding. Rememberâ€"other students generally want you to succeed and feel comfortable. If for some reason the audience is not on your side or you experience bullying or social exclusion, be sure to discuss this with a parent, teacher, or guidance counselor.Concentrate on your message. When you focus on the task at hand, anxiety is less likely to get out of control. Concentrate on the main message of your speech or presentation and make it your goal to deliver that message to the other students in your class.Rack up experience.  Volunteer to speak in front of your class as often as possible. Be the first one to raise your hand when a question is asked. Your confidence will grow with every public speaking experience.Observe other speakers. Take the time to watch other speakers who are good at what they do. Practice imitating their style and confidence.Organize your talk. Every speech should have an introduction, a body, and a conclusion. Structure your talk so that the other students know what to expect.Grab the audiences attention. Most of your fellow clas smates will pay attention for at least the first 20 seconds; grab their attention during those early moments. Start with an interesting fact or a story that relates to your topic.Have one main message. Focus on one central theme and your classmates will learn more. Tie different parts of your talk to the main theme to support your overall message. Trying to cover too much ground can leave other students feeling overwhelmed.Tell stories. Stories catch the attention of other students  and deliver a message in a more meaningful way than facts and figures. Whenever possible, use a story to illustrate a point in your talk.Develop your own style. In addition to imitating good speakers, work on developing your own personal style as a public speaker. Integrate your own personality into your speaking style and you will feel more comfortable in front of the class. Telling personal stories that tie into your theme are a great way to let other students get to know you better.Avoid filler words. Words such as basically, well, and um dont add anything to your speech. Practice being silent when you feel the urge to use one of these words.Vary your tone, volume, and speed. Interesting speakers vary the pitch (high versus low), volume (loud versus soft), and speed (fast versus slow) of their words. Doing so keeps your classmates interested and engaged in what you say.Make the audience laugh. Laughter is a great way to relax both you and the other students in your class, and telling jokes can be a great icebreaker at the beginning of a speech. Practice the timing and delivery of your jokes beforehand and ask a friend for feedback. Be sure that they are appropriate for your class before you begin.Find a friendly face. If you are feeling anxious, find one of your friends in class (or someone who seems friendly)  and imagine that you are speaking only to that person.Dont apologize. If you make a mistake, dont offer apologies. Chances are that your classmates  didnt notice anyway. Unless you need to correct a fact or figure, there is no point dwelling on errors that probably only you noticed. If you make a mistake because your hands or shaking, or something similar, try to make light of the situation by saying something like, I wasnt this nervous when I woke up this morning! This can help to break the tension of the moment.Smile. If all else fails, smile. Your fellow classmates will perceive you like a warm speaker and be more receptive to what you have to say. A Word From Verywell Its natural to feel frightened the first time you have to speak in front of your class. However, if you fear continues, interferes with your daily life and keeps you awake at night, it may be helpful to see someone about your anxiety. Try talking to a parent, teacher, or counselor about how you have been feeling. If that doesnt get you anywhere, ask to make an appointment with your doctor. Severe public speaking anxiety is a true disorder that can improve with treatment. Understanding the Fear of Public Speaking

Analysis of The Story of An hour - Free Essay Example

No woman or man hasnt fallen in love before. It every man and woman desire to be together and cant wait for the moment that can happen. Most of them think that because they dont know the consequences after that happen. The idea of love blind their minds and cant see any further and foresee the products of marriage. It is still the same without any development and the consequences usually are predicted. Kate Chopin, in the of an hour the death of the husband and his wife got affected by that to symbolize the control of marriage over women. Mrs. Louise Mallard is a wife with a heart attack who discovers her husband death in a bus disaster. The heart attack she has could represent the suffrage and stress she is experiencing from that marriage. When she heard the news of his death she was sad and started to cry like any woman would do for her dead husband. She wept at once, with sudden, wild abandonment, in her sisters arms. When the storm of grief had spent itself she went away to her room alone.(Chopin B). The story starts to be more valuable when she went to her room and started to look through the window. The setting begins to explain the excitement of her feelings and the effects they have over her. She could see in the open square before her house the tops of trees that were all aquiver with the new spring life. (Chopin A). The use of spring express the rebirth and hope. She starts to have new feelings that were unfamiliar with her while she was looking through the window. Mrs. Louise felt that consequences after many years of marriage between her and her husband. Barbara Ewell adds that love has been, for Louise and others, the primary purpose of life, but through new perspective, she comprehends that ?love, the unsolved mystery counts for very little. . . . (Q and A). Her perspective on love had changed since her marriage. She discovered that love wasnt what she expected it to be. She understood love as her only reason to live and it doesnt count for much. Her husband have the ultimate control over her like being in jail where she will not be freed until he die then she can truly enjoy her independence. She said it over and over under breath: free, free, free! The vacant stare of terror that had followed it went from her eyes. (Chopin B). Mrs. Louise is now more happy and have great enthusiasm as she is examining the joy of freedom. The idea of starting a new life and being an independent woman with no control, limits or duties what led to her enthusiasm. Even though she loved him sometimes, but in a proposal she didnt really wanted to marry him. Finally, when he showed up again and for her freedom to be gone by that speed really shocked her to the limits of dying immediately. The sadness that Mrs. Louise had when she heard of her husband death changed into joy quickly after she recognized that she could be free and independent for the rest of her life. The Story of an Hour reflects Chopinrs view of the repressive role that marriage played in womenrs lives as the protagonist, Louise Mallard, feels immense freedom only when her husband has died. Kate Chopin wants to clarify for the readers that not all women desire to live their lives traditionally.

The Ancient Calendar

Be quiet! The Roman calendar is the most perfect yet devised. It has twelve months.Except when it has thirteen, as this year.And all of these months have either thirty-one or twenty-nine days.Except Februarius, which has twenty-eight. Only this year, according to you, it has only twenty-four.~ Steven Saylor Murder on the Appian Way, p. 191. Early farmers couldnt simply look at a wall calendar to see how many days until the last frost date. However, knowing there were approximately 12 moon cycles between one spring and the next, they could calculate how many lunar phases remained before planting season. Thus was born the concept of the 354 day lunar calendar, a concept eternally at odds with the approximately 365.25 day solar year. Blending time derived from the motions of the rotating earth, the earth revolving around the sun, and the moons passage as the earths satellite is hard enough, but the Mayans had 17 cosmological calendars, some of which go back ten million years and require the services of astronomers, astrologers, geologists, and mathematicians to figure out. Introduction to Mayan Calendar Terminology provides simplified information on some of the cycles and glyphs used in the Mayan calendars.~ From Mayan Calendar Terminology (1) The position the planets is vital to many calendars. At least once, on March 5, 1953 B.C.-- at the beginning of Chinese calendar time -- all the planets, the sun and the moon were in alignment.~ Source (2) Even our calendar system calls on this relationship with the planets. Names for the days of the week (although the Teutonic Woden, Tiw, Thor, and Frigg have replaced the Roman names for deities of related prowess) refer to various celestial bodies. Our 7-day week began under Augustus. [See table below.] According to Calendars and Their History, calendars permit us to plan our farming, hunting, and migrating activities. They may also be used for prediction and to establish dates for religious and civic events. However accurate we might try to make them, calendars should be judged not by their scientific sophistication, but by how well they serve social needs.~ From Calendars and Their History (3) Calendar Reform disagrees. Its author thinks its high time for reform. Our Gregorian calendar, adopted in 1751 by an act of Parliament, uses basically the same months Julius Caesar established 2 millennia ago, in 45 B.C.~ From Calendar Reform (4) Julian Calendar Reform Caesar faced an unreliable lunar calendar system based on a distrust of even numbers. The original first month, Martius, had 31 days, as did Maius, Quinctilis (later renamed Julius), October, and December. All the other months had 29 days, except the last month of the year, which was allowed to be unlucky with only 28 days. (The Aztecs, too, considered certain days of their xihutl calendar to be unlucky.) Finding, over time, that their calendar didnt correspond with the seasons of the solar year, the Romans, like the Hebrews and Sumerians, intercalated an extra month -- whenever the College of Pontiffs deemed it necessary (as in the passage from Murder on the Appian Way). Caesar turned to Egypt for guidance with the difficult Roman calendar. The Ancient Egyptians predicted the annual Nile flooding on the basis of the appearance of the star Sirius. The period between was 365.25 days -- less than an hour wrong in five years. So, abandoning the Roman lunar calendar, Caesar set alternating months of 31 and 30 days with February having only 29 days except every fourth year when February 23 was repeated.~ Source (5) Why the 23d? Because the Romans didnt yet count from the beginning of the month, but from before it. They counted how many days before the Nones, Ides, and Kalends of each month. February 23 was counted as six days before the kalends of March -- the old beginning of the year. When it was repeated, it was referred to as bi-sextile. What Was the Format of the Roman Fasti Calendar? Gregorian Calendar Reform Pope Gregory XIIIs major changes were algorithms to calculate movable feasts and a new system of leap years that got rid of leap years in years that are divisible by 100 but not 400. Pope Gregory also deleted ten days from the 1592 calendar year in order to accommodate a shift in the equinox. When Did We Switch From the Roman Fasti Calendar to the Modern? A variety of calendars culminate around the year 2000. Calendar Convergence shows the common end of calendar cycles from the Hopi, the Ancient Greeks, the Early Egyptian Christians, the Mayan, and the Indian Vedic tradition. Planets Alignments in 2000 shows an alignment of the seven planets on May 5, 2000.~ From Calendar Convergence (6) and Planets Alignments (7) U. Glessmer. The Otot-Texts (4Q319) and the Problem of Intercalations in the Context of the 364-Day Calendar in:Qumranstudien: Vortraege und Beitraege der Teilnehmer des Qumranseminars auf dem internationalen Treffen der Society of Biblical Lit., Muenster, 25-26. Juli 1993 [Hans-Peter Mueller zum 60. Geburtstag]. Schriften des Institutum Judaicum Delitzschianum; Bd. 4. Ed. H.J. Fabry et al. Goettingen 1996, 125-164.~ From ANE discussion (8) References ([URL www.resonate.com/places/writings/mayan/calendar.htm ])([URL iNsci14.ucsd.edu/~fillmore/blurbs/calendars1.html ])([URL www.spiritweb.org/Spirit/mayan-calendar.html ])([URL www.webcom.com/tsh/ngs/ca/day1.html ])([URL astro.nmsu.edu/~lhuber/leaphist.html ])([URL ECUVAX.CIS.ECU.EDU/~PYMCCART/CALENDAR-REFORM.HTML ])([URL www.pcug.org.au/~dfry/calendar.html ])([URL physics.nist.gov/GenInt/Time/ancient.html ])([URL www.mm2000.nu/sphinxd.html ])([URL www.griffithobs.org/SkyAlignments.html ])([URL www-oi.uchicago.edu/OI/ANE/OI_ANE.html ]) Table of the Days of the Week dies Solis Sun day Sunday domenica (Italian) dies Lunae Moon day Monday lunedà ¬ dies Martis Mars's day Tiw's day Tuesday martedà ¬ dies Mercurii Mercury's day Woden's day Wednesday mercoledà ¬ dies Jovis Jupiter's day Thor's Day Thursday giovedà ¬ dies Veneris Venus's day Frigg's day Friday venerdà ¬ dies Saturni Saturn's day Saturday sabato   Related Resources †¢ Julius Caesar†¢ Calendars†¢ Maya Calendar Round†¢ Intercalation†¢ Gregorian Calendar†¢ Julian Calendar